Babbage located Intelligence in the Mind not the attentive crafting body

In the early 18th century, with the invention of Watt's steam engine began a slow transition in parts of Europe previously manual labor and draft-animal–based economy towards machine-based manufacturing. With the complete mechanization of the textile industries began so called the 'Industrial Revolution'. In this time of history the European society started transforming, there was an emergence of a new labor class. The understanding of life was more mechanistic by which mind was viewed separated from the body.

In this environment Charles Babbage an English mathematician, philosopher, inventor, and mechanical engineer , popularly known as the 'father of computers', came with a 'calculating engine' which he advertised as 'Mechanized Intelligence'. His second engine the 'Analytical engine' was also an attempt to simulate intelligence. This engine was initially built to replace the human computers ,calculating astronomical tables. He thought that the introduction of machine would increase accuracy. Babbage's high estimation of the potential intelligence of machines rested on his idea of a mechanical universe. Referring to Zimmerman's article we understand that Babbage had a mechanistic idea of the whole universe, according to him everything is governed by some set of “laws assigned by the Almighty for the government of matter and of mind"

Babbage’s definition of intelligence is the combination of memory and foresight. According  to Babbage the owner of an article is the person who designs rather than a person who crafts it. It can be seen when Babbage laid claims to owning the means of production, while his engineer thought he could make more calculating engines if they went into production. In Babbage own words on the 'Calculating engine':

'My right to dispose, as I will, of such inventions cannot be contested; it is more sacred in its nature than any hereditary or acquired property, for they are the absolute creations of my own mind'

Babbage understood intelligence is of the mind , not in the body, in other words owner is he mind of the inventor and not craftspeople. This was extended to the way he understood 'factory', systematize the unintelligent work to make the product of the intelligent.

His idea of separation of mind and body and the superiority of the mind over the body can be clearly seen in his text 'On the Economy of Machine and Manufacture'. Babbage described what is now called the Babbage principle, which describes certain advantages with division of labor. If the labor process can be divided among several workers, it is possible to assign only high-skill tasks to high-skill(mind) and -cost workers and leave other working tasks to less-skilled(body) and paid workers, thereby cutting labor costs. According the Babbage the machines in a factory will help to keep a check on the workers and increase there productivity. In Babbage' words:

"One great advantage which we may derive from machinery is from the check which it affords against the inattention, the idleness, or the dishonesty of human agents"

By this he makes a worker in a factory a 'slave of the machine', while factory represent 'admirable adaptations of human skill and intelligence' where we see 'the triumph of mind over matter'. Babbage puts machines between the mind and body, as the workers(body) are its slave while mind triumphs over machine.

Babbage's understanding of universe and intelligence is reflected in all his works (Calculating engine, Analytic engine). For Babbage the intelligence is limited to the mind of the inventer and not the body craftsman.

References:
1. 'The Ideology of the Machine and the Spirit of the Factory'-Andrew Zimmerman
2. 'Babbage's Intelligence'-Simon Schaffer 

-Sujan